Corrigendum: Sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management enhances the physiological performance, water productivity, and yield of soybean under system of crop intensification.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282217.].

Opsarius siangi, a new Chedrinae fish species from the Brahmaputra drainage, India.

Opsarius siangi sp. nov., a previously undocumented species, has been identified from Siang River, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India. This newly described species is distinguished by a suite of unique morphological characteristics, notably including a complete lateral line, consisting of 65-77 scales, 32-39 pre-dorsal scales, 12-15 scales positioned between dorsal fin origin and lateral line, presence of two pairs of barbels, body depth ranging from 18.80% to 27.42% of standard length and a distinct pattern of 8-15 vertical bars adorning the body. A comprehensive genetic analysis was conducted by scrutinizing 78 Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences extracted from Chedrinae fishes, with particular focus on Opsarius and Barilius genera. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. siangi sp. nov. occupies a distinctive clade, displaying close affinity with O. shacra. Intraspecific K2P genetic divergence, assessed at 0.02, falls well within established species delineation thresholds, while interspecific divergence in comparison to O. shacra was recorded at 0.112. Complementary species delimitation methodologies, including BIN and bPTP, further underscore taxonomic uniqueness of O. siangi sp. nov., within Chedrinae family. This description enriches our understanding of biodiversity within Siang River ecosystem and underscores the merit of employing multi-pronged approaches in taxonomic investigations.

Infiltrating duct cell carcinoma in lactating adenoma: A rare case in pair.

Lactating adenomas, though considered being benign, sometimes turn out to be malignant. We are hereby presenting two cases of lactating adenomas which turned out to be harboring infiltrating duct cell carcinoma (DCC). Two lactating women with mass in the breast were referred from surgery for fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy. On histopathology, it was found that both had infiltrating DCC (either as collision tumor or as a malignant transformation of lactating adenoma). These cases point toward some association between lactating adenoma and DCC, however, small it may be. Therefore, any mass lesion in the breast should be followed up under strict vigilance for an early diagnosis and management of this deadly disease. A large sample size and elaborate study are required to frame its prognostic relevance. Like estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, prolactin and prolactin receptor expression can be exploited for developing newer receptor-targeted therapy.

Mammalian display to secretion switchable libraries for antibody preselection and high throughput functional screening.

Recently, there has been a co-evolution of mammalian libraries and diverse microfluidic approaches for therapeutic antibody hit discovery. Mammalian libraries enable the preservation of full immune repertoires, produce hit candidates in final format and facilitate broad combinatorial bispecific antibody screening, while several available microfluidic methodologies offer opportunities for rapid high-content screens. Here, we report proof-of-concept studies exploring the potential of combining microfluidic technologies with mammalian libraries for antibody discovery. First, antibody secretion, target co-expression and integration of appropriate reporter cell lines enabled the selection of in-trans acting agonistic bispecific antibodies. Second, a functional screen for internalization was established and comparison of autocrine versus co-encapsulation setups highlighted the advantages of an autocrine one cell approach. Third, synchronization of antibody-secreting cells prior to microfluidic screens reduced assay variability. Furthermore, a display to secretion switchable system was developed and applied for pre-enrichment of antibody clones with high manufacturability in conjunction with subsequent screening for functional properties. These case studies demonstrate the system's feasibility and may serve as basis for further development of integrated workflows combining manufacturability sorting and functional screens for the identification of optimal therapeutic antibody candidates.

An integrated mammalian library approach for optimization and enhanced microfluidics-assisted antibody hit discovery.

Recent years have seen the development of a variety of mammalian library approaches for display and secretion mode. Advantages include library approaches for engineering, preservation of precious immune repertoires and their repeated interrogation, as well as screening in final therapeutic format and host. Mammalian display approaches for antibody optimization exploit these advantages, necessitating the generation of large libraries but in turn enabling early screening for both manufacturability and target specificity. For suitable libraries, high antibody integration rates and resulting monoclonality need to be balanced - we present a solution for sufficient transmutability and acceptable monoclonality by applying an optimized ratio of coding to non-coding lentivirus. The recent advent of microfluidic-assisted hit discovery represents a perfect match to mammalian libraries in secretion mode, as the lower throughput fits well with the facile generation of libraries comprising a few million functional clones. In the presented work, Chinese Hamster Ovary cells were engineered to both express the target of interest and secrete antibodies in relevant formats, and specific clones were strongly enriched by high throughput screening for autocrine cellular binding. The powerful combination of mammalian secretion libraries and microfluidics-assisted hit discovery could reduce attrition rates and increase the probability to identify the best possible therapeutic antibody hits faster.

Sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management enhances the physiological performance, water productivity, and yield of soybean under system of crop intensification.

Sensor-based decision tools provide a quick assessment of nutritional and physiological health status of crop, thereby enhancing the crop productivity. Therefore, a 2-year field study was undertaken with precision nutrient and irrigation management under system of crop intensification (SCI) to understand the applicability of sensor-based decision tools in improving the physiological performance, water productivity, and seed yield of soybean crop. The experiment consisted of three irrigation regimes [I1: standard flood irrigation at 50% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) (FI), I2: sprinkler irrigation at 80% ETC (crop evapo-transpiration) (Spr 80% ETC), and I3: sprinkler irrigation at 60% ETC (Spr 60% ETC)] assigned in main plots, with five precision nutrient management (PNM) practices{PNM1-[SCI protocol], PNM2-[RDF, recommended dose of fertilizer: basal dose incorporated (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM3-[RDF: basal dose point placement (BDP) (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM4-[75% RDF: BDP (50% N, full dose of P and K)] and PNM5-[50% RDF: BDP (50% N, full P and K)]} assigned in sub-plots using a split-plot design with three replications. The remaining 50% N was top-dressed through SPAD assistance for all the PNM practices. Results showed that the adoption of Spr 80% ETC resulted in an increment of 25.6%, 17.6%, 35.4%, and 17.5% in net-photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), respectively, over FI. Among PNM plots, adoption of PNM3 resulted in a significant (p=0.05) improvement in photosynthetic characters like Pn (15.69 µ mol CO2 m-2 s-1), Tr (7.03 m mol H2O m-2 s-1), Gs (0.175 µmol CO2 mol-1 year-1), and Ci (271.7 mol H2O m2 s-1). Enhancement in SPAD (27% and 30%) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (42% and 52%) values were observed with nitrogen (N) top dressing through SPAD-guided nutrient management, helped enhance crop growth indices, coupled with better dry matter partitioning and interception of sunlight. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) in soybean reduced by 3.09-4.66°C due to adoption of sprinkler irrigation. Likewise, Spr 60% ETc recorded highest irrigation water productivity (1.08 kg ha-1 m-3). However, economic water productivity (27.5 INR ha-1 m-3) and water-use efficiency (7.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 day-1) of soybean got enhanced under Spr 80% ETc over conventional cultivation. Multiple correlation and PCA showed a positive correlation between physiological, growth, and yield parameters of soybean. Concurrently, the adoption of Spr 80% ETC with PNM3 recorded significantly higher grain yield (2.63 t ha-1) and biological yield (8.37 t ha-1) over other combinations. Thus, the performance of SCI protocols under sprinkler irrigation was found to be superior over conventional practices. Hence, integrating SCI with sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management could be a viable option for enhancing the crop productivity and enhance the resource-use efficiency in soybean under similar agro-ecological regions.

Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties of CoFe2O4 Nanostructures Synthesized Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method.

Magnetic nanostructures of CoFe2O4 were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. The prepared nanostructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selective area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, DC magnetization, and dielectric spectroscopy measurements. The crystal structure studied using HR-TEM, SAED, and XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized nanostructures had a single-phase nature and ruled out the possibility of any secondary phase. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume determined from the XRD data were found to be 8.4821 Å and 583.88 Å3. The average crystallite size (~7.0 nm) was determined using Scherrer's equation. The FE-SEM and TEM micrographs revealed that the prepared nanostructures had a spherical shape morphology. The EDX results showed that the major elements present in the samples were Co, Fe, and O. The magnetization (M) versus temperature (T) measurements specified that the CoFe2O4 nanostructures showed ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. The blocking temperature (TB) determined using the M-T curve was found to be 315 K. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop of the CoFe2O4 nanostructures recorded at different temperatures showed the ferromagnetic behavior of the CoFe2O4 nanostructures at temperatures of 200 K and 300 K, and a superparamagnetic behavior at 350 K. The dielectric spectroscopy studies revealed a dielectric constant (ε') and loss tangent (tanδ) decrease with the increase in the frequency, as well as demonstrating a normal dispersion behavior, which is due to the Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The values of ε' and tanδ were observed to increase with the increase in the temperature.

Structural, Morphological, Optical and Magnetic Studies of Cu-Doped ZnO Nanostructures.

In the present work, Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures (Cu% = 0, 1, 5) have been prepared using microwave-assisted chemical route synthesis. The synthesized nanostructures were investigated through structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characterizations. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed that all of the samples exhibit the single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. The XRD results infer a decrease in the lattice parameters (a/c) by increasing the Cu% doping into ZnO. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopic measurements revealed the formation of nanostructures, showing the major elemental presence of Zn and O in the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited photoemission in the UV and blue-green regions. With the increase in the Cu%, the photoemission in the UV region is reduced, while it is enhanced in the blue-green region. Raman spectra of the Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures displayed a blue shift of the E2High mode and an increase in the peak intensity of E1(LO), indicating the doping of Cu ion in the ZnO lattice. The dc magnetization measurements demonstrated the ferromagnetic behavior of all of the samples with an enhanced ferromagnetic character with increasing Cu%.

Integrated management enhances crop physiology and final yield in maize intercropped with blackgram in semiarid South Asia.

Photosynthesis, crop health and dry matter partitioning are among the most important factors influencing crop productivity and quality. Identifying variation in these parameters may help discover the plausible causes for crop productivity differences under various management practices and cropping systems. Thus, a 2-year (2019-2020) study was undertaken to investigate how far the integrated crop management (ICM) modules and cropping systems affect maize physiology, photosynthetic characteristics, crop vigour and productivity in a holistic manner. The treatments included nine main-plot ICM treatments [ICM1 to ICM4 - conventional tillage (CT)-based; ICM5 to ICM8 - conservation agriculture (CA)-based; ICM9 - organic agriculture (OA)-based] and two cropping systems, viz., maize-wheat and maize + blackgram-wheat in subplots. The CA-based ICM module, ICM7 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) improvements in the physiological parameters, viz., photosynthetic rate (42.56 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1), transpiration rate (9.88 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1) and net assimilation rate (NAR) (2.81 mg cm-2 day-1), crop vigour [NDVI (0.78), chlorophyll content (53.0)], dry matter partitioning toward grain and finally increased maize crop productivity (6.66 t ha-1) by 13.4-14.2 and 27.3-28.0% over CT- and OA-based modules. For maize equivalent grain yield (MEGY), the ICM modules followed the trend as ICM7 > ICM8 > ICM5 > ICM6 > ICM3 > ICM4 > ICM1 > ICM2 > ICM9. Multivariate and PCA analyses also revealed a positive correlation between physiological parameters, barring NAR and both grain and stover yields. Our study proposes an explanation for improved productivity of blackgram-intercropped maize under CA-based ICM management through significant improvements in physiological and photosynthetic characteristics and crop vigour. Overall, the CA-based ICM module ICM7 coupled with the maize + blackgram intercropping system could be suggested for wider adoption to enhance the maize production in semiarid regions of India and similar agroecologies across the globe.

Role of Cr Doping on the Structure, Electronic Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of BiFeO3 Nanoparticles.

BiFe1−xCrxO3, (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) nanoparticles were prepared through the sol−gel technique. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, viz., X-ray diffraction, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HRFESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV−Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), dc magnetization, near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, to investigate the structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties. The structural analysis showed the formation of BiFeO3 with rhombohedral (R3c) as the primary phase and Bi25FeO39 as the secondary phase. The secondary phase percentage was found to reduce with increasing Cr content, along with reductions in crystallite sizes, lattice parameters and enhancement in strain. Nearly spherical shape morphology was observed via HRFESEM with Bi, Fe, Cr and O as the major contributing elements. The bandgap reduced from 1.91 to 1.74 eV with the increase in Cr concentration, and PL spectra revealed emissions in violet, blue and green regions. The investigation of magnetic field (H)-dependent magnetization (M) indicated a significant effect of Cr substitution on the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. The ferromagnetic character of the samples was found to increase with the increase in the Cr concentration and the increase in the saturation magnetization. The Fe (+3/+4) was dissolved in mixed-valence states, as found through NEXAFS analysis. Electrochemical studies showed that 5%-Cr-doped BFO electrode demonstrated outstanding performance for supercapacitors through a specific capacitance of 421 F g−1 measured with a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. It also demonstrated remarkable cyclic stability through capacitance retention of >78% for 2000 cycles.

Influence of Fe and Cu Co-Doping on Structural, Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles.

The nanoparticles of CeO2, Ce0.98Fe0.02O2, and Ce0.78Fe0.02Cu0.20O2 were synthesized using the co-precipitation-synthesis technique. The effect of co-doping of Fe and Cu on structural, optical, and magnetic properties as well as specific capacitance have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dc magnetization, and electrochemical measurements at room temperature. The results of the XRD analysis infer that all the samples have a single-phase nature and exclude the formation of any extra phase. Particle size has been found to reduce as a result of doping and co-doping. The smallest particle size was obtained to be 5.59 nm for Ce0.78Fe0.02Cu0.20O2. The particles show a spherical-shape morphology. Raman active modes, corresponding to CeO2, were observed in the Raman spectra, with noticeable shifting with doping and co-doping indicating the presence of defect states. The bandgap, calculated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, showed relatively low bandgap energy (1.7 eV). The dc magnetization results indicate the enhancement of the magnetic moment in the samples, with doping and co-doping. The highest value of saturation magnetization (1.3 × 10-2 emu/g) has been found for Ce0.78Fe0.02Cu0.20O2 nanoparticles. The electrochemical behavior studied using cyclic-voltammetry (CV) measurements showed that the Ce0.98Fe0.02O2 electrode exhibits superior-specific capacitance (~532 F g-1) along with capacitance retention of ~94% for 1000 cycles.

The identity and distribution of striped bagrid catfish, Mystus tengara (Hamilton 1822) revealed through integrative taxonomy.

BACKGROUND: The taxonomic status and geographical distribution of M. tengara are vague. No genetic diversity and phylogenetic study have been done till now to resolve its identity and distribution. In the present study, an integrated taxonomic approach has been applied to clarify the taxonomic status, identity, and distribution of bagrid catfish, Mystus tengara. METHODS AND RESULTS: Comparative morphometric evaluation of M. tengara identified in the present study from distant geographical locations revealed variations of the traits in response to body length and environment, without significant genetic distance. The observed morphometric traits of M. tengara were found to be overlapping with available morphometric traits of M. tengara, M. carcio and M. vittatus. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene also could not resolve their identity, and five paraphyletic clades comprising of M. tengara, M. vittatus, and M. carcio from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh were observed. Morphological and genetic evidence along with comparative evaluation of M. tengara, from its type locality, we consider M. tengara identified in the present study to be true, with its distribution extending from North East India to West Bengal, North India, Central India, Northern peninsular India, and Bangladesh. CONCLUSION: The observation of paraphyletic subclades and evaluation of genetic distance between subclades reveals the presence of four cryptic species. Further confirmation on the identity of M. vittatus and M. carcio, by an integrated taxonomic approach based on fresh specimens collected from the type locality, is required.

Mobile electrophoresis kit for high school students: Scientific practices with innovation.

Gel electrophoresis (GE) is the most preferred and adapted technique for the separation and identification of biological molecules like proteins/peptides and nucleic acids from diverse types of organisms. All over the world, researchers, educators, and students aspiring to work in biochemistry and molecular biology disciplines use the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique for resolving proteins/nucleic acids for understanding the structure and function of any cell. A simple PAGE technique requires a wide range of chemicals/reagents along with a well-equipped and well-spaced laboratory. We have developed a compact and impeccable mobile electrophoresis kit suitable for any vertically oriented PAGE technique. This comprehensive and portable laboratory set-up provides the complete advantages of safety, cost-efficiency, space management, and utility to the researchers for high-throughput research. All new equipment of the mobile electrophoresis kit is fabricated using inexpensive and off-the-rack components. Overall performance of the mobile kit was verified through a practical exercises executed by high school students with positive outcomes.

Evaluation of Three Prokaryote Primers for Identification of Prokaryote Community Structure and Their Abode Preference in Three Distinct Wetland Ecosystems.

The ultimate role of prokaryote (bacteria and archaea), the decomposer of the wetland ecosystem, depends on its community structure and its interaction with the environment. The present study has used three universal prokaryote primers to compare prokaryote community structure and diversity of three distinctly different wetlands. The study results revealed that α-diversity indices and phylogenetic differential abundance patterns did not differ significantly among primers, but they did differ significantly across wetlands. Microbial community composition revealed a distinct pattern for each primer in each wetland. Overall comparison of prokaryote communities in sediments of three wetlands revealed the highest prokaryote richness and diversity in Bhomra (freshwater wetland) followed by Malencho (brackish-water wetland) and East Kolkata wetland (EKW) (sewage-fed wetland). Indicator genus analysis identified 21, 4, and 29 unique indicator genera, having preferential abode for Bhomra, EKW, and Malencho, respectively. Prediction of potential roles of these microbes revealed a preference for sulfate-reducing microbes in Malencho and methanogens in Bhomra. The distinct phylogenetic differential abundance pattern, microbial abode preference, and their potential functional role predict ecosystem variables shaping microbial diversity. The variation in community composition of prokaryotes in response to ecosystem variables can serve as the most sensitive bioindicator of wetland ecosystem assessment and management.

Occurrence and Safety Evaluation of Antimicrobial Compounds Triclosan and Triclocarban in Water and Fishes of the Multitrophic Niche of River Torsa, India.

Personal care product (PCP) chemicals have a greater chance of accumulation in the aquatic environments because of their volume of use. PCPs are biologically active substances that can exert an adverse effect on the ecology and food safety. Information on the status of these substances in Indian open water ecosystems is scarce. In this paper, we report the incidence of two synthetic antimicrobials, triclosan (TCS), including its metabolite methyl-triclosan (Me-TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) in Torsa, a transboundary river flowing through India. In water TCS and TCC were detected at levels exceeding their respective PNEC (Predictive No Effect Concentration). Both the compounds were found to be bioaccumulative in fish. TCS concentration (91.1-589 µg/kg) in fish was higher than that of TCC (29.1-285.5 µg/kg). The accumulation of residues of the biocides varied widely among fishes of different species, ecological niche, and feeding habits. Me-TCS could be detected in fishes and not in water. The environmental hazard quotient of both TCS and TCC in water indicated a moderate risk. However, the health risk analysis revealed that fishes of the river would not pose any direct hazard to human when consumed. This is the first report of the occurrence of these PCP chemicals in a torrential river system of the eastern Himalayan region.

Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationship of 11 Asian Sisorinae genera (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) with new record of Pseudolaguvia foveolata.

Studies on Sisorinae systematics have been largely restricted to morphological data with few studies on examination of phylogenetic relations. However, no study has been done to evaluate genetic distance of the genera under Sisorinae sub-family and detailed phylogenetic relations within it. We used nuclear recombination activating 2 (rag2) gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene from 64 species to examine genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships within 11 Asian Sisorinae genera. The range of interspecies K2P distance for rag2 was 0-0.061 and COI was 0-0.204. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) approaches for each locus individually and for the concatenated rag2 and COI sequences revealed three major subclades viz. Bagariini, Sisorini and Erethistini under subfamily Sisorinae. The analysis based on COI gene showed ((Sisorini, Bagariini), Erethistini) relationship. Rag2 and combined rag2 and COI showed ((Sisorini, Erethistini), Bagariini) relationship. Combined rag2 and COI analyses resulted into better resolved trees with a good bootstrap support. In this study, new record of Pseudolaguvia foveolata (Erethistini) has been documented based on 13 specimens collected from Torsa River, Jaldapara, Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India (26°43'44.66″ N and 89°19'32.34″ E), extending its distribution range in Brahmaputra drainage, India. The genetic distance between the P. foveolata new record and the reported P. foveolata (holotype: UMMZ 244867) was 0.00 at both rag2 and COI locus and it was further grouped with P. foveolata Type specimen (holotype: UMMZ 244867) with 100% bootstrap support. This report gives additional information on occurrence of the species P. foveolata, along with discussion on morphometric, meristic and molecular (COI and rag2 gene) data.

Highly conserved epitopes of DENV structural and non-structural proteins: Candidates for universal vaccine targets.

Dengue is a severe emerging arthropod borne viral disease occurring globally. Around two fifths of the world's population, or up to 3.9 billion people, are at a risk of dengue infection. Infection induces a life-long protective immunity to the homologous serotype but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection caused by other serotypes. Thus, there is a need for a vaccine which is capable of providing a life- long protection against all the serotypes of dengue virus. In our study, comparative genomics of Dengue virus (DENV) was conducted to explore potential candidates for novel vaccine targets. From our analysis we successfully found 100% conserved epitopes in Envelope protein (RCPTQGE); NS3 (SAAQRRGR, PGTSGSPI); NS4A (QRTPQDNQL); NS4B (LQAKATREAQKRA) and NS5 proteins (QRGSGQV) in all DENV serotypes. Some serotype specific conserved motifs were also found in NS1, NS5, Capsid, PrM and Envelope proteins. Using comparative genomics and immunoinformatics approach, we could find conserved epitopes which can be explored as peptide vaccine candidates to combat dengue worldwide. Serotype specific epitopes can also be exploited for rapid diagnostics. All ten proteins are explored to find the conserved epitopes in DENV serotypes, thus making it the most extensively studied viral genome so far.

Cooperative metal-ligand influence on the formation of coordination polymers, and conducting and photophysical properties of Tl(i) ß-oxodithioester complexes.

Eight novel Tl(i) ß-oxodithioester complexes, [TlL]n (1-8), with ligands, L = methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-furyl)-2-propenedithioate (L1), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propenedithioate (L2), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(3-pyridyl)-2-propenedithioate (L3), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(4-pyridyl)-2-propenedithioate (L4), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(9-anthracenyl)-2-propenedithioate (L5), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propenedithioate (L6), methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propenedithioate (L7) and methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenedithioate (L8), were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, and IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and their structures were ascertained by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallized in P21 and P212121 chiral space groups, respectively, and were studied using Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra. Solid state structural analyses revealed that the ß-oxodithioester ligands are bonded to Tl(i) ions in (O, S) chelating and chelating-bridging modes, thereby forming different types of 1D and 2D coordination polymeric structures. By considering the metal-assisted bonding interactions, various coordination numbers of 5-8 and 10 are established around the metal centre. Except for 5 and 7a which have TlTl separations at 3.724(1) and 3.767(1), 3.891(1) Å respectively, the remaining complexes have no TlTl distances <4.0 Å. This indicates that the majority of structures contain only weak inter- and intramolecular thallophilic interactions. The structures of 1-8 highlight the role played by variations in substituents in the dithioester unit in the structure and properties of the complexes. The multi-dimensional assembly in these complexes rests on important non-covalent C-Hπ (TlOSC3, chelate), C-HX (X = F, Cl, O, N), C-Hπ, HH and rare TlH-C intermolecular anagostic interactions. The TlH-C anagostic interactions together with C-OTl and C-STl interactions formed 7-, 11- and 12-membered chelate rings about the metal centers. The anagostic interactions in 1, 2 and 7b were assessed by theoretical calculations. All the complexes showed bright green luminescent emissions in solution and solid phases. Time-resolved emission spectra revealed a triexponential decay curve and short mean lifetime for fluorescence behavior.

Gene structure and comparative and phylogenetic analyses of Catla catla CYP1A full-length cDNA and its responsiveness to benzo(a)pyrene and copper sulphate at early developmental stages.

In the present study, full-length CYP1A cDNA from Catla catla (Catla) has been identified, and its real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) expression has been evaluated in different tissues, developmental stages (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and 5, 7 and 9 days post-fertilization) and copper sulphate and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-treated 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) larvae (6 to 6.5 mm). Various structural, comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the identified gene of Catla belongs to the CYP1A1 subfamily. Among different tissues of Catla, the highest CYP1A expression was observed in the kidney followed by the liver, muscle, gill, intestine and brain. CYP1A mRNA expression was detected during all the larval developmental stages, including the unfertilized egg with the highest expression on 9 dpf. BaP (3.5 ppb) and copper sulphate (sublethal dose 0.516 ppm) challenge test for 96 h to Catla larvae revealed the highest CYP1A1 expression at 48 h post-challenge. CYP1A1 transcript also showed a concentration-dependent increase in expression following exposure at 1.75 and 3.5 ppb of BaP for 48 h. Its expression profiling indicates that it is functional at early developmental stages. It can also be used to develop a specific biomarker tool for monitoring environmental pollution.

The population structure and genetic divergence of Labeo gonius (Hamilton, 1822) analyzed through mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene for conservation in Indian waters.

The present study explains the population structure and genetic diversity of medium carp Labeo gonius by analyzing partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. Labeo gonius is a lower risk Near Threatened species, distributed throughout the North Indian major rivers, reservoirs and lakes. This species has a larger scope as an alternative candidate species in carp aquaculture system. In the present investigation, 223 individuals of Labeo gonius were collected from five locations of phylo-geographically isolated riverine ecosystems of India resulted in 12 haplotypes. These haplotypes showed 14 variables, out of which 9 were singletons and 5 were parsimony informative sites of nucleotide positions. The haplotypes H1 was considered as ancestral haplotype. All the haplotypes were connected to each other by 1-4 nucleotide mutations. The Narmada haplotypes (H10; H11 and H12) were isolated from H1 by four nucleotide mutations. The analyses resulted maximum expansion events (τ = 4.13672) in Narmada, with Fst scores more than other population pairs. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant genetic differentiation among populations (ØST = 0.69470, p < .000). The genetic differentiation patterns were significantly consistence with geographical distributions. This study rejected the null hypothesis of single panmictic population of medium carp, Labeo gonius in Indian water.